Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) on the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act)

Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act), with answers:

1. What is the main purpose of the MMDR Act, 1957?
A. To regulate agricultural lands
B. To oversee urban development projects
C. To develop and regulate mines and minerals in India
D. To control the production of petroleum only

Answer: C. To develop and regulate mines and minerals in India

2. Under the MMDR Act, which government is primarily responsible for regulating major minerals?
A. State Government
B. Local Government
C. Union Government
D. Panchayat

Answer: C. Union Government

3. What does a 'Mining Lease' under the MMDR Act allow a leaseholder to do?
A. Conduct agricultural operations
B. Explore land for residential purposes
C. Undertake mining operations for minerals
D. Perform Forest conservation activities

Answer: C. Undertake mining operations for minerals

4. Which of the following minerals is considered a ‘minor mineral’ under the MMDR Act?
A. Gold
B. Coal
C. Granite
D. Uranium

Answer: C. Granite

5. How long can a mining lease be granted for major minerals under the MMDR Act, after the 2015 Amendment?
A. 10 years
B. 30 years
C. 50 years
D. 99 years

Answer: C. 50 years

6. Which of the following bodies was established under the MMDR Act to benefit areas affected by mining operations?
A. Geological Survey of India
B. District Mineral Foundation (DMF)
C. National Environmental Protection Agency
D. Mines Protection Agency

Answer: B. District Mineral Foundation (DMF)

7. What is the role of the National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET) under the MMDR Act?
A. Oversee environmental issues in mining
B. Provide loans for mining operations
C. Conduct regional and detailed mineral exploration
D. Handle trade of minerals with foreign countries

Answer: C. Conduct regional and detailed mineral exploration

8. According to the MMDR Act, which type of permit is issued for preliminary surveys to locate mineral deposits?
A. Mining Lease
B. Prospecting License
C. Reconnaissance Permit
D. Extraction Permit

Answer: C. Reconnaissance Permit

9. What is the maximum area a single reconnaissance permit can cover under the MMDR Act?
A. 1,000 sq km
B. 5,000 sq km
C. 10,000 sq km
D. 15,000 sq km

Answer: B. 5,000 sq km

10. What is the penalty for conducting mining operations without a license as per the MMDR Act?
A. Warning only
B. Penalties and imprisonment
C. Granting of license retroactively
D. Payment of only half the royalty

Answer: B. Penalties and imprisonment

11. Under the MMDR Act, who has the authority to make rules related to minor minerals?
A. Central Government only
B. State Government only
C. Local Government only
D. Both Central and State Governments

Answer: B. State Government only

12. Which amendment of the MMDR Act introduced competitive auctions for granting mining leases?
A. 2012 Amendment
B. 2015 Amendment
C. 2017 Amendment
D. 2021 Amendment

Answer: B. 2015 Amendment

13. The MMDR Act requires lessees to contribute to which of the following funds for areas affected by mining?
A. Environmental Fund
B. National Development Fund
C. District Mineral Foundation
D. Mineral Welfare Fund

Answer: C. District Mineral Foundation

14. As per the MMDR Act, which agency is exempted from needing a permit for prospecting operations?
A. Geological Survey of India (GSI)
B. Indian Forest Service
C. Central Pollution Control Board
D. Ministry of Agriculture

Answer: A. Geological Survey of India (GSI)

15. What is the frequency of the royalty revision for minerals under the MMDR Act?
A. Not more than once during a period of every year

B. Not more than once during a period of four years

C. Not more than once during a period of five years

D. Not more than once during a period of ten years

Answer: B. Not more than once during a period of four years


Here are more MCQs based on Chapter I (Preliminary) and Chapter II (General Restrictions on Undertaking Prospecting and Mining Operations) of the MMDR Act, 1957:

1. What is the official title of the MMDR Act as per Chapter I?
A. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
B. The Indian Mines and Resources Act, 1957
C. The National Mining Development Act, 1957
D. The Mineral and Mining Resources Act, 1957

Answer: A. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957

2. According to Chapter I, who has declared it expedient to take control of the regulation of mines and minerals in India?
A. The State Governments
B. The Central Government
C. The Indian Bureau of Mines
D. The Geological Survey of India

Answer: B. The Central Government

3. Which section of the MMDR Act contains definitions of terms such as 'mining lease,' 'minor minerals,' and 'prospecting license'?
A. Section 1
B. Section 2
C. Section 3
D. Section 4

Answer: C. Section 3

4. According to the MMDR Act, 'minor minerals' include which of the following?
A. Natural gas
B. Petroleum
C. Building stones and clay
D. Iron ore

Answer: C. Building stones and clay

5. Under Chapter II, what is required for any person to legally undertake prospecting or mining operations?
A. Verbal permission from the State Government
B. A license or lease under the terms of the MMDR Act
C. Approval from the local government authority
D. None of the above

Answer: B. A license or lease under the terms of the MMDR Act

6. Chapter II states that the Central Government has the power to terminate a mining lease for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A. Environmental protection
B. Economic development
C. Preservation of natural resources
D. Prevention of public health hazards

Answer: B. Economic development

7. Which of the following is NOT a condition for obtaining a mining lease as outlined in Chapter II?
A. The applicant must be an Indian national or a registered company in India
B. The applicant must submit evidence of mineral content in the area
C. The applicant must own the land
D. The applicant must have an approved mining plan

Answer: C. The applicant must own the land

8. What is the maximum area limit for a prospecting license that can be granted to a single person under Chapter II of the MMDR Act?
A. 10 sq km
B. 15 sq km
C. 20 sq km
D. 25 sq km

Answer: D. 25 sq km

9. Under Chapter II, what is the primary purpose of a ‘prospecting license’?
A. To allow preliminary geological mapping of an area
B. To conduct mining operations directly
C. To allow exploration and verification of mineral deposits
D. To grant ownership of mineral resources

Answer: C. To allow exploration and verification of mineral deposits

10. What is the standard validity period for a reconnaissance permit as per the MMDR Act?
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 5 years

Answer: C. 3 years (and can be extended upto another 2 years)

11. According to the MMDR Act, which body or organization does NOT require a permit for undertaking prospecting operations?
A. Indian Bureau of Mines
B. Geological Survey of India
C. Department of Atomic Energy of the Central Government, 

D. Directorates of Mining and Geology of any State Government

E. All of the above.

Answer: E. All of the above.

12. If a mining leaseholder fails to begin production within one year, what will happen to the lease as per the MMDR Act?
A. The lease is automatically renewed
B. The lease lapses after one year unless an extension is granted
C. The lease can be extended indefinitely
D. The lease is transferred to a third party

Answer: B. The lease lapses after one year unless an extension is granted 

13. Which section of the MMDR Act addresses the conditions that promote efficiency in mineral production?
A. Section 2
B. Section 4A
C. Section 4B
D. Section 5

Answer: C. Section 4B

14. Who has the authority to increase the maximum area limits for mining leases if deemed necessary under Chapter II?
A. District Collector
B. Local Government
C. Central Government
D. State Government

Answer: C. Central Government

15. According to the MMDR Act, a lease may only be renewed with prior approval from which authority for minerals listed in the First Schedule?
A. State Government
B. Central Government
C. District Magistrate
D. Local Panchayat

Answer: B. Central Government


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